Shanghai market potential of new energy vehicles
To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reduce dependence on crude oil imports solutions are electric vehicles, a national auto industry development trend, but because the R & D and the market is still in the exploratory phase, a huge inputDell Inspiron 700m battery， Dell Inspiron 8500 battery， Dell Inspiron 8600 battery costs of electric vehicles, vehicle battery technology, higher prices reliability, costs, fees and facilities and other issues still to be solution in the “no-oil” era?
Shanghai will see a huge demand for electric vehicles
Global consultancy McKinsey for almost a year in Shanghai, New York based, Paris city government to achieve the city, as the industrialization of electric vehicles in show detailed studies, surveys, that in the next 10 years, Shanghai, New York and Paris, three of the major cities are the great demand for electric vehicles. Shanghai Shanghai market comprises 600 private car buyers of the electric car concept test survey and a further 600 private owners of Shanghai daily behavior shows the quantitative analysis, research that electric vehicles in Shanghai, the share of new car sales figures are expected in 2015 to 5 % in 2020 to reach 10% -15% or so. If the battery technology, reliability, cost, fees and facilities and other issues can be resolved to some extent, than the three or so in the local consumer trying to buy electronic check vehicles.
Survey data showed that 90% went to local consumers, apart from holiday vacation needs more than 75 kilometers, the day of work / school, leisure or social functions mileage requirements are in 50 km, are electric vehicles, the majority of the consumers Apart daily excursions outside the mileage requirements.
Pure electric cars such as E (mini-city electric car) in New York a great success, the majority of families in New York started 1-2 cars on the basis of the new electric vehicles, especially over short distances, such as children in the school and others to meet specific demand. Shanghai is just a car owner, the proportion of households 96%, as the only car in the family, a pure battery electric car endurance mileage no restrictions on so many families are unable to accept.
Many first time car buyers need to be fully functional interior and a private vehicle large enough to pay attention to dimensions and interior space, and the cost of existing technologies in the internal conditions, the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PH) a combination of electric vehicle and the dual advantages of conventional cars, the relative maturity of the technology, non-life mileage restrictions, so it probably in the next decade, the most popular types of electric vehicles.
Consumers move more than a little concern
After handling the user’s lifestyle and expectations and concerns of electric vehicles to the McKinsey study, owners of private cars in Shanghai survey will be divided into six different groups. In Shanghai, the rate of gate-level, “low-end consumer,Dell Inspiron 9200 battery， Dell Inspiron 9300 battery， Dell Inspiron 9400 battery is the most likely to purchase” green fashion “and” those who are cost-sensitive drive. “These two groups for the early acquisition of the three in Shanghai, a private car owners, they are concerned about electric vehicles Unlike traditional car unique designs and outstanding acceleration performance ready to support environmental protection, or the cost of travel pay a premium for reduce the cost of performance, and changes in travel behavior, doubled the purchase of electric vehicles developed by other groups.
But the majority of consumers surveyed expressed concerns over a number of electric vehicles, especially electric vehicles in comparison to the conventional combustion engine vehicles in terms of cost and performance drawbacks. Consumers are not willing to accept the reasons for electric vehicles, electric vehicles mileage is not enough life came first, followed by the collection of complaints, electric vehicle technology is not sufficiently robust and reliable, will be placed on the price of electric vehicles in the fifth position .
The battery life is driving a major problem, 69% of users showed that the lack of endurance mileage of electric cars that they do not want to buy the main reason. According to McKinsey & private car owners in Shanghai daily driving habits analysis, although the majority of users run 50-70 km per day, but 75% of consumers still want to achieve in a single charge of endurance mileage of 240 km. Shanghai consumers to be more understanding of electric vehicles, their experience of the use of electrical appliances, and thus the cost of electric vehicle batteries, capacity and security with great concern. In addition, a few minutes have time to refuel compared with the consumer survey of public institutions also expressed concern that the long recharge.
Can an effective incentive mechanism to stimulate demand
As the electric vehicle technology is still at an early stage of development, the majority of consumers are still waiting to see and look forward to a package of favorable conditions to offset the cost and potential risks. An appropriate amount of car allowance for the improvement of the initial distribution of electric vehicles is very important in New York, has, through the purchase of electric vehicles have are the right ones who like the politics of 7500 U.S. dollars,Dell Inspiron B120 battery， Dell Inspiron B130 battery accounting for 2015 new car -sales of electric vehicles, compared to 3.8%. If there is no electric car on the car license fee (the Shanghai area is currently about three million yuan), the proportion increased to 5%, but with the subsidy reduces the number of shows that the subsidies can not alone create a huge market.
Some non-monetary incentives would actually gave an incentive for consumers Shanghai hopes that the introduction of electric vehicles in city traffic and special electric cars, exclusive parking spaces, for the purchase of electric vehicles used exclusively for family holidays, long-distance travel Zijia preferred car rental services.
It is worth noting that the intense public bodies to improve electric vehicle early Shanghai credit not a necessary condition for coverage. After New York, Paris, Shanghai, most consumers comparison, a relatively firm in the garage or private parking spaces, more concerned with their own area within the building, a reliable survey overnight facilities, so that the night loading facilities, community-based public parking in the Super Charge stations and public charging stations, supplemented by fast charging structure more suited to Shanghai.
A variety of novel energy-saving environmentally friendly power generation method
In the global energy shortage today, scientists are racking their brains, provides a range of power tactics unusual. Here we come to appreciate about new ways to produce energy worldwide.
Bicycle Power generation: energy saving environmental protection with new tactics
Since the United Nations on Climate Dell XPS M140 battery，Dell XPS M1330 battery,Dell XPS M1530 batteryChange, held in Copenhagen, Denmark through the eyes of the peoples of the world will gather in Copenhagen this city known for environmental protection. On Christmas Day, the City of Copenhagen new beginning in the Christmas tree in the defense of the environment, not only the use of 700 high, lights, LED energy efficient, but used 15 health and bicycle-friendly environment both for power generation, tree Christmas tree up to 17 meters, but the tree on top of the fireworks of Santa Claus needs to climb the fire tower to the ignition, but the Offer not the Christmas tree lights for power plants at a distance, but rather a bicycle to generate electricity. Many distinguished guests from abroad joined the ranks of bicycle collection. The city of Copenhagen for the festival has added a new and fun.
Leaf Green Power generation: the trees can become a power plant
Green leaves through photosynthesis, is well known, but it also has the photoelectric effect green leaves of this particular characteristic, I fear that very few people know.
Scientists have in-depth study found that when sunlight shines on the leaves, the leaves will be able to absorb solar energy, and the capture of electrons from water in these electron capture to maintain freedom of movement and little just join. If these electronic freedom of movement before the field current with a fixed orientation so that they move, we can form a flow of electrons, which is the flow of the green leaf. A large camphor tree or an umbrella over more than 20 million tablets of leaves, leaf cells, the internal structure of each piece there are a lot of chloroplasts. If these sheets out for the calculation of the total area of chloroplasts to 2300 square feet, according to energy conversion, the equivalent of 36 hectares of land covered by a giant station solar energy conversion, is only a tree, where a dense forest? Clearly, the green leaves of generating capacity are considerable.
Bacteria power: technology develops Tau Kok
Energy generation is the use of bacteria and Mitsubishi Tokyo Institute of Technology Partner result, this new micro-organisms developed the battery. They are the two types of bacteria in the syrup, a syrup, which are eaten by bacteria to produce hydrogen, but also produce acetic acid and other organic acids, and the other is a type of bacteria produce these acids are also hydrogen. When hydrogen was admitted into the fuel cell Phosphoric acid can send electricity. This micro-battery has been in clinical trials, research and explore the universe, etc. arise.
Power Road: 1 km Power 400 kW
The road will generate up to now have never seen before. Thus miraculous Israel Institute of Technology, a project affiliated companies, which Dell XPS M170 battery , Dell XPS M1710 battery , Dell XPS M1730 battery in ordinary asphalt pavement with a large number of piezoelectric crystals, passing through the vehicle of the piezoelectric conversion to generate electricity, 1 km from the road can produce around 100 -400 kilowatts of electricity.
The scientists said that in theory, these implants can be used piezoelectric crystals asphalt at least 30 years, so that technology can be used for any major traffic roads, including railways and roads. Currently, the cost of reconstruction of roads of about 65 kilometers per million, but large-scale production begins, the cost can reduce the 2 / 3. The method of generating energy in the long term goal is electricity generated by the price system can be reduced to 3.10 cents per unit (about RMB 0.2-0.7 million) – very close to the current civil electricity , let alone the power and the resultant effect of reducing carbon immeasurable, especially for heavy reliance on coal as our countries, but also a very important sense: As of late 2008 China had 41,000 kilometers road, if all applications of this technology, then we generate up to 143.6 billion degrees year.
Our development of new energy vehicles
Currently, the Chinese car companies have been competing on the path of a wave of new energy workshop, vehicles, however, China’s new energy vehicles, which in reality it is a supporting infrastructure, lack of mature consumer market, key technology research and other difficult obstacles. The future of energy in China, new vehicles will have huge marketapple PowerBook G4 12 inch battery， apple PowerBook G4 15 inch battery，A1045 potential, expert advice, our nation needs new energy vehicles should learn from Japan and the United States, develop and promote policy development model.
From fighting each other to work together to find
Since the energy crisis, the environmental needs and support national policy on a variety of factors, which currently is for the Chinese car manufacturer to take the matter a local brand, or a joint venture, are in competition, the new energy vehicles production or planned to join.
Reporters learned that in recent years to develop new energy vehicles, the main difference is that companies are going it alone, already jointly between the government and companies to develop new energy vehicles dynamics. Guangzhou City Council and Nissan Motor Co., Ltd., Dongfeng Automobile Co., Ltd. signed a “co-promoting the electric car industry Memorandum of Understanding.” Nissan electric car development in the industry have already come to the forefront, are Guangzhou is the development of new energy vehicles as an opportunity for the development of future automotive trends guide further improvements to the government and the intensity and the level of cooperation between enterprises and promote the development of new energy technologies vehicles in Guangzhou.
Guangzhou Municipal Committee, vice mayor Wu endurance, flexibility, said that with the rapid development of automobile industry and the rapid growth in car ownership, resources and the environment under increasing pressure to develop new energy vehicles, the inevitable choice but also reach the city of Guangzhou Automobile Industry to modernize the industry and sustainable development, an important way. To accelerate the development of Guangzhou has a leading group for the development of new energy technologies, automotive industry, and examine the new energy automotive industry development programs. Guangzhou Economy is looking forward to the smooth introduction of zero-emission vehicles required for the development of local economy and build green homes, to make a positive contribution.
Whether the international capital and domestic companies are very optimistic about new energy in China automotive industry in this huge cake. Industry experts predict that by 2020, China 10% -20% of car sales is made of pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid and other new energy vehicles.
Choose science and technology, a number of cities that are energy saving and new energy vehicles to the idea of a big demonstration for three consecutive years running in the country for more than 10 large and medium cities to implement a conditional 1000-level hybrid vehicles, pure electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles and the infrastructure in the energy supply in large-scale demonstration, and strive to which country the size of the operationA1061 ， A1078 ， A1079 ， A1175 of vehicles, new energy in 2012 to make a 10% share of car market share. This idea is the core of the scale by extending the model to gain new energy vehicles, promote the industrialization.
Learn from the advanced development model
While the broad market opportunities, but the new energy vehicles in China, but in reality there are charging stations and other infrastructure facilities lack mature consumer market, key technology research and other difficult obstacles. The data show that the current use of new energy vehicles in China is only 1%. Changes in new energy vehicles in China, “Game No One Played” situation, the experts suggested that they should learn from the United States and Japan’s policy of promoting development model.
Firstly, the growth of the domestic consumer market.
“Although the new energy efficient, environmentally friendly vehicles, but at the same level model comparison, the price is at least more than fifty or sixty thousand yuan. More or spend more money to buy a car to buy oil, Chinese consumers tend to opt for the latter. ”
Already, at the early entry into new energy in China, the hybrid car market – - the Toyota Prius, for example, in 2006, car sales in China, 2100, 2008, to increase sales, Toyota price to 24,000 yuan, but only 899 sold. In terms of the global total of 1.2 million sold a brilliant recording that it is Prius performance in the Chinese market is empty.
Beijing Jia Xinguang industry expert advisor that is the urgent need to cultivate new energy cars, stimulate domestic consumer market, while the government plays an indispensable role in leading the meantime, the key to increasing the intensity of industrial subsidies, the subsidies directly benefit the consumer promote effective use. The United States in this regard stimulus policies worth of learning.
According to reports, U.S. government and enterprises using the dual-force concept. Obama’s fuel restrictions and a new energy policy for the U.S. auto industry a clear direction and speed of its own R & D are firms. The United States through the development of more stringent emission standards for automobile fuel vehicles and new energy policy, and through government procurement for energy-efficient cars, fuel-efficient cars consumers buy tax cuts, the creation of new energy vehicles for publicly funded projects that promote investment in infrastructure, construction of new energy strategies, such as a car to the U.S. government to further promote Automotive Products, the “minor” and “energy” direction. The federal government is buying U.S. Big Three automakers produced 17.6 thousand, including the new energy vehicles, including fuel-efficient vehicles.
Obama made it clear that have up to 2015, the United States, 1 million plug-in hybrid Sheung. To encourage consumption, and the purchase of plug-in hybrid car owners parades, you can enjoy the tax deduction to $ 7500. In addition, the government has also invested 400 million U.S. dollars in support of charging stations and other infrastructure facilities. This new energy policy, the development of energy-saving emission reduction targeting of new products and destinations.
Secondly, the establishment of a body of production and research alliances.
New energy vehicles to overcome many of the major technical problems, improve to strengthening joint research and development, the efficiency of R & D is also developing new energy technologies, mainly from vehicles.
“China Automotive News” editor of Chung Shi pointed out: “Now domestic companies to new energy vehicles, which, in great enthusiasm to the very positive initiative that we are not in chaos reasons” for the majority of businesses outside the new Energy refuse vehicles should have a trade organization, the role of local governments to strengthen the organizational guidelines, collaborative research, division of labor, production, government departments should organize a national car industry and to plan an interest in developing new energy technologiesapple iBook G4 14 inch battery， apple MacBook 13 inch battery， apple MacBook Pro 15 inch battery company vehicles, together research and development in particular, to encourage more businesses, schools, scientific research institutions, and individuals that lead to the development of new energy technologies, vehicles, new energy vehicles will appear in an ideal position to be in full swing. ”
Clock division is also the need to combat the phenomenon, guard currently domestic firms to develop new energy vehicles enthusiasm is high, but many companies have developed separately, low efficiency, high cost, and the work is to obtain a new state, subsidized policies into life created energy cars, focused on the money and do not apply to the workshop. “Thus, China’s new energy vehicles, which should in the exploration of key technologies, we are out of production in Japan and Research Alliance R & D model, the integration of resources conducive to learning, and it helps control the flow of subsidies companies. ”
Japan reportedly has captured the battery in key technologies, has a development of high-performance electric vehicle battery, the largest new energy automotive industry alliance to jointly implement the 2009 annual “Innovative battery for Advanced Science and Basic Research Program, created new projects. The consortium includes Toyota, Nissan and other car companies like Sanyo Electric, battery manufacturers, as well as Kyoto University and other famous universities and research institutions, the total of 22 member units. The coalition units, each 50 or more professionals need to develop collaborative research to persons involved in the common basic technology companies. Within seven years by the Japanese government plans to ¥ 21000000000 invest this project to triple by the development of high-performance electric cars in 2020, the Japanese electric vehicle with a cargo of more than the driving range.
Thirdly, a clear roadmap.
Tianjin University, China Automotive Strategic Development Research Center, Deputy Director Guo Yan pointed out that the road map have fluctuating for new energy vehicles in China so far, is also an important reason for the slow development. According to reports, the international strategic development of new energy technologies, vehicles, the direction of the current consensus: the starting point is the traditional gasoline and diesel vehicles endpoint is the hydrogen fuel cell cars were 20 years the transition is observed, it will be the new energy models for each of the fighting, melee season. Focus on developing hydrogen-powered cars to the United States, Japan, a major effort to develop gasoline-electric hybrid, the European principal attack than diesel-fueled vehicles, China’s new energy roadmap was unclear.
China’s new energy vehicles have been in the formulation of policy on vehicle safety and energy, said Ouyang Ming Gao State Key Laboratory involved: “China’s automotive industry is one of the latter hair: on the one hand, conventional engine technology behind the automobile multinationals to the other hand, lags behind the development of new energy technologies in the car up to the country. Therefore, China’s automotive industry research and development of new energy technologies are different from other countries, it can not the order of development, but together, at the Qi heads. ”
Fourthly, the diversification of fuel-efficient vehicles.
Industry experts also point out that the application of a variety of perspectives to develop new energy sources. Because in the areas of energy, is the ultimate goal of humanity to achieve the use of renewable energies for sustainable development. Renewable energy, including solar, wind, hydro, biomass, geothermal, tidal energy, etc., short-term goal is to reach the dependence on fossil fuels to reduce the diversification of energy mix.
Jia Xinguang analysts believe that currently the industry’s eyes are on the outside of electric, hybrid vehicles that. From the market, there is also the need for the vote), the power distribution network (cradle, the power to the needs of the consumers to price-mail address must be competitive. If the building by a large number of coal and oil power stations supplying electricity, resulting in new environmental pollution, the new energy vehicles, the case is not whether, and if by solar, wind and nuclear energy to the pursuit of supply of electricity to increase A1185 ，M8403 , apple iBook G4 12 inch batterypower generation, as they are now the “new energy” experienced the pain of suffering with high costs, is not technically break completely. Even if the electric vehicle technology has improved, the new generation of energy technologies are not yet mature at once.
Jia Xinguang said the public had a one hundred kilometers per liter fuel concept car, although many people are skeptical about developing this car, but with the car, we can also use a wide range of fuel-saving technologies: Low-Drag and efficient internal combustion engines, reduced weight, body of new materials, etc. Therefore, in the traditional internal combustion engine is also energy saving and reduce emissions there is much to be done. Chinese eager to develop electric vehicles in order to “leapfrog development” and “beyond” and therefore abandoned the traditional combustion improvement efforts, which are passive in a new one: the new energy automotive market has not really formed, but also the development of highly efficient internal combustion engine is enormous potential, we do not find us to be considered.
“Car does not run only in a manner that is not only a highway, it’s one, two, easy way, as well as rural roads. Likewise, the development of new energy technologies, vehicles which are not the only way to go, especially in a realistic way to
